Draw a detailed stepwise mechanism for the transesterification reaction that forms the biodiesel

Question

1. Draw detailed, stepwise mechanism for the transesterification reaction that forms the biodiesel product in this reaction. You may use generic representation of the triglyceride as shown in Figure 1. 2. What is the generic structure of a soap? Explain how soap forms in this reaction. If anhydrous methanol is used, how is water getting into the system?

[su_box title="♦ Relevant knowledge" box_color="#2d6ff7" radius="1"]1. Soap is a mixture between sodium and potassium salts of the fatty acids. It is the result of the saponification process. 2. Soap production - Soap production can be done by heating vegetable oil or animal fats (usually not edible) in a solution of NaOH/KOH at high pressure and temperature. Once the saponification reaction has ended, NaCl can be added to the solution and cooled. The soap is separated from the solution and mixed with additives. Finally, it is pressed into cakes. Concentrate the remaining solution, remove impurities, and centrifuge to separate the NaCl salt. This will give you glycerol. - Also, you can make soap by: Oxidizing paraffin of petroleum with oxygen in the atmosphere, at high temperatures, using catalytic manganese and then neutralizing the acid created by NaOH. R – CH₂ – CH₂ – R’ ---> R – COOH + R’ – COOH ---> RCOONa + R’COONa

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Draw a detailed stepwise mechanism for the transesterification reaction that forms the biodiesel