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Home/ Questions/Caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages. Caffeine is the active...
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lyytutoria
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lyytutoriaExpert
Asked: April 13, 20222022-04-13T08:58:54+00:00 2022-04-13T08:58:54+00:00In: Chemistry

Caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages. Caffeine is the active…

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Caffeine%20is%20the%20active%20ingredient%20in%20coffee,%20tea,%20and%20some%20carbonated%20beverages.%20Caffeine%20is%20the%20active...

Caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages.
a, Add lone pairs, as needed, to the structure of caffeine.

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b, Indicate the hybridization of the specified atoms.
Be sure to consider any lone pairs you added in part a.

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♦ Relevant knowledge

Caffeine is chemical that is known to stimulate the CNS (central nervous system). It inhibits the activity of adenosine’s effector and helps a person avoid the feelings of drowsiness caused by adenosine typically.

More facts about caffeine:

  • The majority of people drink their caffeine in drinks (coffee tea, tea, soda as well as energy drinks) and it is present in chocolate (all kinds).
  • The most common guidelines for consumption of caffeine recommend that people limit their consumption to less than 400mg per day and that those who are expecting should limit their consumption to 200 mg per day (for information that a cup of coffee can contain 100-200 mg in it).
  • Although caffeine is quickly absorbed in the bloodstream of your body (about 45 min) It can take up to 12 hours to go out of the body.

caffeinecoffeetea
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    Madison Williams
    2022-04-13T09:27:22+00:00Added an answer on April 13, 2022 at 9:27 am
    Concepts and Reason

    This problem is based upon the concepts of structure and hybridization.

    Caffeine, a natural compound found in coffee and tea, is also known as a stimulant. It is a bicyclic compound that is made up of different atoms such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.

    Hybridization refers to the process where two orbitals with different energies mix with one another in order for them to form the same number of orbitals. These orbitals are known as hybrid orbitals.

    Fundamentals

    To identify the exact location of pairs electrons, count the valence electrons.

    With the help of the steric number, determine the hybridization of highlighted elements.

    Steric number [katex] = [/katex] Sigma bonds + lone pairs

    Part a

    Below is the structure of caffeine

    CНз
С.
Hас
С-н
С.
с.
CHз

    Below is a representation of the caffeine molecule with single pairs:

    CHз
Д ./
С.
Нас
N
С-н
С.
CHз
Z-U

    Part b

    Below are highlighted atoms and their hybridizations.

    2
C
N 3
C
sp
sp
sp
Sp2
sp2
sp2
sp3
O sp3
O sp
spd
spd
spd
spd2
O spd
O spd

    Ans:

    Part a

    Below is a representation of the caffeine molecule with single pairs

    CHз
Д ./
С.
Нас
N
С-н
С.
CHз
Z-U

    Part b

    Below are highlighted atoms and their hybridizations.

    2
C
N 3
C
sp
sp
sp
Sp2
sp2
sp2
sp3
O sp3
O sp
spd
spd
spd
spd2
O spd
O spd

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