For different concentrations, the pH of HNO must be determined. To determine the amount H ions that have been dissociated by nitric acids, the ICE table is used. Once you have determined the concentration of dissociated ions, the following formula will be used to calculate the pH values: 1.81 b. 0.100 M HNO, H30NO HNO2N.o Initial 0.550 0.0 0. Change +x+x –X Equilibrium 0.550.x. The pH value of water is not considered because it is not present in excess.

[NO;THoHNO2] 4.6×10[0.100-x] = 0.00655M. Thus, H pH-log [0.00213] is 0.0156M.

The 5% rule can be used to make the assumption that x is equal to x. The 5% rule states that if x is less then 5% of the acid’s value, it can be considered small. If the value ofx exceeds 5 % at a given acid concentration, it can’t be assumed to be small. Determine the 5 percent of all acids present in the concentration. Determine if Given value of the acid x is greater than 5% of the concentration of acid x. 5% of the given concentration (see calculations above) Neglected (in A) 0.550 0.0156 5.005 100 Not 0.100x 0.100 0.006 ignored 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 0.0006 5 C 0.00216 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 The value ofx in parts b and 1.2x102x102x102x102x 1.2x10x102x102x102x10x102x102x10x102x102x 1.2x102x102x102x10x102x102x102x10x102x102x10x102x102x102x102x102x102x102x102x10 0.05216 neglected 100 C C Therefore, (b) and (5) cannot be simplified to assume that x is small.