2. Soap production

– Soap production can be done by heating vegetable oil or animal fats (usually not edible) in a solution of NaOH/KOH at high pressure and temperature. Once the saponification reaction has ended, NaCl can be added to the solution and cooled. The soap is separated from the solution and mixed with additives. Finally, it is pressed into cakes. Concentrate the remaining solution, remove impurities, and centrifuge to separate the NaCl salt. This will give you glycerol.

– Also, you can make soap by: Oxidizing paraffin of petroleum with oxygen in the atmosphere, at high temperatures, using catalytic manganese and then neutralizing the acid created by NaOH.

R – CH₂ – CH₂ – R’ —> R – COOH + R’ – COOH —> RCOONa + R’COONa