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Draw the structures of the organic products in each reaction of the following two-step synthesis.
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Hint: The nucleophilic amine attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon, and the resulting intermediate undergoes a proton shift and dehydration. Recall what is eliminated in a dehydration process. The second step is a reduction reaction; the reducing agent is NaBH3CN (or H2, metal catalyst). The aromatic ring is unaffected by these reagents. Look at the product of the first reaction and consider what can be easily reduced.
A reaction where one group is replaced with the other is referred to as a substitution reaction. In nucleophilic substitute reactions, the replacement of a leaving group is carried out by the nucleophile.
There are many types of organic reactions, including addition, substitution and elimination, as well as condensation, rearrangement or oxidation, and reduction.
A condensation reaction is an organic reaction in which an electron-deficient carbon-atom reacts with an electron rich reactant (nucleophile), to create a large molecule or remove a small one.
A reduction reaction in organic chemistry is a chemical reaction in which a carbon atom bonds with less electronegative elements (hydrogen).
Condensation reaction of carbonyl compounds or amines occurs when an electron-deficient carbonatom reacts easily with an electron rich nucleophile to form an electron-rich double bond. The partial positive charge of the carbon atom is equal to that of the oxygen atom. These electronegative properties give the carbon atom its electrophilic center. Below is the general reaction mechanism.
A nucleophile is a chemical that attacks electron-deficient carbonylcarbon. It then undergoes dehydration to create a Schiff base product.
In the presence of a reducer, the carbon-nitrogen double bonds undergo a reduction reaction. This is the reaction:
Below is the reduction of Schiff base:
The structure of an organic product from the above reaction is