Home/ Questions/Typeerror: write() argument must be str, not bytes - simple solution when encountering the error.
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Livia Brown
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Asked: 2022-05-17T14:21:16+00:00 In:

Typeerror: write() argument must be str, not bytes – simple solution when encountering the error.

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I get the error: Typeerror: write() argument must be str, not bytes when I try to run the program below:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import time
 from datetime import date
 from lxml import etree
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 # Create the root element
 page = etree.Element('results')
 
 # Make a new document tree
 doc = etree.ElementTree(page)
 
 # Add the subelements
 pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'Country',Tim = 'Now', 
  name='Germany', AnotherParameter = 'Bye',
  Code='DE',
  Storage='Basic')
 pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'City', 
  name='Germany',
  Code='PZ',
  Storage='Basic',AnotherParameter = 'Hello')
 # For multiple multiple attributes, use as shown above
 
 # Save to XML file
 outFile = open('output.xml', 'w')
 doc.write(outFile)

The error appears the system notifies as follows:

builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes
 File "C:\PythonExamples\XmlReportGeneratorExample.py", line 29, in <module>
  doc.write(outFile)
 File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 1853, in lxml.etree._ElementTree.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:44355)
 File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 478, in lxml.etree._tofilelike (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:90649)
 File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 282, in lxml.etree._ExceptionContext._raise_if_stored (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:7972)
 File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 378, in lxml.etree._FilelikeWriter.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:89527)

I tried to solve it with another sample. I got the reference in the community forum, but it still returned an invalid result. If someone knows the solution, please give me the support. Thanks!

write() argument must be str
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2 Answers

  1. Best Answer
    Expert

    The cause:

    Typeerror: write() argument must be str, not bytes appears as your code is not right in the below line:

    outFile = open('output.xml', 'w')

    Solution:

     Python request must be str, but not bytes. So, the outfile needs to be converted into binary mode.

    outFile = open('output.xml', 'wb')
    • 9

  2. Convert binary files to base64 and vice versa In python 3.5.2 

    import base64

read_file = open('/tmp/newgalax.png', 'rb')
data = read_file.read()

b64 = base64.b64encode(data)

print (b64)

# Save file
decode_b64 = base64.b64decode(b64)
out_file = open('/tmp/out_newgalax.png', 'wb')
out_file.write(decode_b64)

# Test in python 3.5.2
    • 21

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