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Python is a widely used programming language today. Although it is always updated and patched, it is not without errors. A lot of people come up with good ideas for problems but then fail to link their solutions to solve them. Thus, in this article we will provide the best answer among some linked methods. Let’s explore an interesting topic today, it is “How to fix TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’” in Python.
What causes error?
TypeError is a fairly common error in Python. The error usually occurs because the data type is not matching the python version you are using. Here are some reasons:
- Object-related operations are not supported
- Attempting to manipulate an object has failed
- Repeating an identifier does not allow repetition.
And in this situation, when you get the error message “TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’“, it is caused because you are setting a value for a function that does not match the data type it received. In particular, your function only accepts byte values instead of strings.
How to fix TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’ in Python
Here we will introduce you to some approaches to be able to solve the above error quickly. Follow along and choose the method that works best for you.
Method 1: Use text reading mode when opening files.
Simply put, python 2 will accept files in binary, however python 3 only accepts files in text. So the quick way to handle the error is to change the file opening mode by changing wb to w, like below:
Before: outfile=open('./immates.csv','wb')
After: outfile=open('./immates.csv','w')
Method 2: Convert all to binary
Contrary to the above approach, with this method you can work around by converting them all to binary, like this:
<font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">if b'captain America 'in singleLine:</font></font>
Thus, all data has agreed on one type, error is handled.
Method 3: Using decode() or Encode() function
With the approach from decode(), you will decode the lines in the program so that python can read it. Examples are as follows:
# Import gzip module
import gzip
# initialize line_count variable
total_lines=0
# Open file with gzip module
with gzip.open('myfile.sql.gz', 'rb') as fin:
for line in fin:
if (total_lines == 0):
total_lines+=1
else:
number_columns = line.decode('utf8').strip('\n').split('\t')
print('Print File Rows: ',number_columns);
Besides, you can also solve the error with encode(). The function encodes an object to the specified object, in this case a Byte object. For example:
with open('file.txt', 'rb') as f:
lines = [x.strip() for x in f.readlines()]
for line in lines:
tmp = line.strip()
split_line = tmp.split('-'.encode())
if 'Samsung Galaxy S21 ' in str(split_line[0]):
print("Price = ", split_line[1])
Conclusion
Thus, ITtutoria has solved for you the questions ” How to fix TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’” in Python“. If you have any comments, please contact us immediately for answers. Thanks for reading!
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